Some the schemes used to solve Latin America Debt Crisis of the 1980s Essay - 1

Some the schemes used to solve Latin America Debt Crisis of the 1980s can be use to the current EU Crisis - Essay Example The Baker plan and the Brady plan can solve the present economic crisis in Europe because they focus on growth of the economy. Countries in Latin America succeeded in solving their debt crisis in 1980s using the two schemes. According to research by economists in Europe, the Brady plan is more effective because it emphasizes on debt reduction. In Mexico, investors’ debts were cleared using the guidelines of the plan (Habermas & Ciaran 107). Interestingly, the Brady plan and the Baker plan are approaches that America use when handling financial crisis for the developing countries. The two plans advocate for sound economic policies when enhancing growth. According to Habermas, & Ciaran (14), the strategy should target least developed economies. The Baker plan identified the countries that needed aid before formulating policies that restructure the economy. This is an indication that European countries should classify their economies before coming up with corrective measures. According to the plan, extending governments should extend the maturity period for loans for countries such as Greece. This will cushion the citizens from crisis. Member countries in the European Union will have to restructure their financial system to improve the economy. The plan equally advocates for intervention by the IMF in aiding ailing economies. IMF should increase lending to commercial banks. Additionally, developed countries should voluntarily reduce debts for ailing economies. The EU government should seek support from Asian economies in creating a balance. For example, the government can encourage the swapping of bonds with creditors from China. This is preferable in the case of Greece. According to Habermas, & Ciaran (2), Latin America received support from Japan in averting their financial crisis. Although the strategy worked in Latin America, it is difficult to estimate the magnitude of a crisis using

Respect to Culture Essay Example for Free

Respect to Culture Essay This paper will highlight the key issues that Kellogg’s should consider when deciding to expand to the country of Jordan. Will the people living in Jordan able to afford this product? What are the values connected to the people that will force them to purchase it? What is needed to fill this heterogeneous culture? All these questions will be answered in this paper with respect to the product Special K by Kellogg’s. Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous with Respect to Culture The population of Jordan is divided into different ethnic groups which include the Bedouins, the people from Circassia and the Palestenians. The majority of the Jordanians is from the Arab descent and form a population of around 4. 4 million (The Royal Hashemite Court). These Arabs have migrated into Jordan from numerous origins. These people mainly travelled in tribes and whole tribes used to migrate into Jordan before the 19th Century. The population also includes some proportions of Muslim refugees from Caucasus who migrated to Jordan when Russia invaded. Jordan also houses some Americans and small groups of Chechens. Therefore the culture in Jordan is expected to be pretty heterogeneous as the population includes people from diverse backgrounds and descents. There is heterogeneity of languages being taught and learnt in Jordan. People in Jordan are given complete freedom to preach their religion, teach their language and promote their culture. This makes Jordan so culturally diverse and rich. The different ethnic groups have their own clubs, places of worships, schools and associations which has allowed the heterogeneity of culture to remain in Jordan. There has been a tradition of appreciation and tolerance for the diverse cultural background. Around 6% of the population comprises of Christian population but the majority 92% consists of Sunni Muslim population (The Royal Hashemite Court). Hence, some similarities in culture can also be expected as almost 9 out of every 10 people in Jordan are Sunni Muslims. These Sunni Muslims belong to same sect of the same religion which makes their religious activities the same. Hence we can conclude that Kellogg’s will have to consider the diverse cultural background as the population are from different countries and descents, however, the same religion of most of the people is going to make it easier for Kellogg’s to penetrate the market as the religious views and values will be the same for most of the people in Jordan. Needs that Kellogg’s Special K can Fill in this Culture Kellogg’s Special K mostly attracts the people who are aware and conscious about their health. Boosting the physical activity for attaining better fitness is the goal of most of the people in the developed nations now. Increased physical activity can not only improve the mood but also improve the health of a person. The people of Jordan require a little addition to their lives which can be added to their daily routine and can have a good affect on their health. The ethnically diverse population of Jordan has different practices for maintaining their health. Some people go for a brisk walk, while others regularly go to the gym. The median population in Jordan is around 22 years old which means the population is pretty young. Most of these people are health conscious and engage in regular physical activity to stay fit. The target market of Kellogg’s Special K will be the urban population which consists of 78% of the total population. The urban population is the wealthy lot which has concerns about their health and body weight. This population can be targeted by telling them the health benefits of consuming Kellogg’s Special K. Kellogg’s Special K website includes expert advice of how to get slimmer, Body Mass Index (BMI) calculator and free personal planner (Kelloggs). It also includes the nutritional plan for the whole day and informs about the nutrition that Special k provides. The population of Jordan is yet not informed about the importance of breakfast and hence this is the perfect time to introduce the Special K with variety of nutrient intake. Can Enough People Afford the Product? Around 15% of the population in Jordan lives below the poverty line which means that they do not have enough money to afford the basic necessities of life. The economy of Jordan is amongst the smallest in the Arab world. There are insufficient supplies of food, water and other health care items. In other words, the economy was suffering from poverty until ten years back King Abdullah implemented changes in foreign policies and economic reforms that took Jordan to a higher level. In the current situation, Jordan’s economy has not been so hard hit like the other economies because of the isolation from the international market (CIA). However, the top ten percent population has the highest percentage share of total income. Around 30% of the total income is being earned and spent by the top ten percent of the population and this population can certainly afford Kellogg’s Special K. The GDP per capita has risen to US$ 5,300 which is a lot higher than many developing countries. Around 13% of the population is unemployed in Jordan but still the imports of the country amounted to US$ 12 billion in 2009 which indicates that many people in the country can afford to have foreign goods imported. The most imported items include oil, machinery, equipment, iron and cereal and the major import partners are USA, Saudi Arabia, China and Germany (CIA). Hence it can be expected that enough people will purchase the Kellogg’s Special K who are in the top income group and have concerns for their health. Values Relevant to the Purchase and Use of Special K The Bedouins find it hard to search for food as most of them are still nomadic in nature. What they need is some form of dried food which can be consumed at any time of the day or night without water and other staple food. Kellogg’s Special K can be consumed with milk and milk is available abundantly to these nomadic tribes as they have many animals such as camels, sheep and goats which give milk. The Palestinians who left their homeland in the wars of 1967 and 1948 and came to Jordan stilled have not settled down and many do not have living spaces. These people can be provided with Kellogg’s Special K as it is a dry food and it does not require special handling like other local foods. The value of Special K is pretty high because of the nutrient contents of the cereal. Most of the population is now getting educated and moving into urban cities and adopting the foreign lifestyle. As the penetration of television is also increasing in the population, they are starting to follow the Western lifestyle which includes a healthy breakfast. Therefore the value of Kellogg’s Special k will be pretty high for the purchase as it provides an easy way to make the breakfast with a lot of health benefits and nutrients. Works Cited CIA. Fact Book. 2009. 21 July 2010 https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo. html. Kelloggs. The Importance of Breakfast. 2010. 21 July 2010 http://www. specialk. co. uk/expert-advice/nutrition-advice/why-breakfast-is-so-important. aspx. The Royal Hashemite Court. The people of Jordan. 2001. 21 July 2010 http://www. kinghussein. gov. jo/people. html.

Reggio Emilia Approach Analysis

Reggio Emilia Approach Analysis Children are explorers and love to investigate what is going on around them. Imagine if their whole day was spent in an environment with beauty formed by their own creativity? Having the opportunity to play with natural and open ended materials of their own interests, guidance from educators to construct their learning and thinking on exciting topics, and most importantly having their families be greatly involved in their day, the learning outcomes of each child would be concrete and long lasting. These are the kinds of opportunities provided by educators from the Reggio Emilia Approach, found by researcher and teacher Loris Malguzzi. Creativity seems to emerge from multiple experiences, coupled with a well-supported development of personal resources, including a sense of freedom to venture beyond the known (Loris Malaguzzi, The Hundred Languages of Children, ch. 3, by Carolyn Edwards (1993). This essay will be discussing what the Reggio Emilia Approach is, and which constructivist theories influence the Reggio Emilia curriculum. It will also uncover the curriculum elements and key programming used in the approach and lastly how its approach supports the six principles of the ELECT document used in Ontario. The topics discussed in this paper will be based on the research found in the book Authentic Childhood Experiencing Reggio Emilia in the Classroom by Susan Fraser and also online sources. First of all, what is the Reggio Emilia Approach? This question arises amongst many people like, researchers in child studies, parents looking for childcare, educators looking to work, the government when looking to see statistics to see what curriculum model has a successful outcome of quality childcare and many more persons who are interested in what different childcare approaches provide. In relation to this, the Reggio Emilia Approach was found by an early education specialist from a town in North Italy called Reggio Emilia his name was Loris Malaguzzi (1920-1994). Malaguzzis vision attracts the world through his play and project based curriculum, children play and educators guide their play into projects that interest them. The approach is a combination of principles that build the child centred environment and curriculum. Collaboration is when everyone works together and includes parents, educators, communities and the children; the image of the child-conceptualizing an image of the child as competent, inventive, and full of ideas (Fraser, 2000, Page 8). The environment is known as the third teacher as it is carefully set up by educators to challenge the childs curiosity and learning. Documenting is a display of what the childs experiences are shown through language and creativity. Provocation is when educators listen carefully to what the children are saying and further guide the thoughts and accomplishments. Plans and investigations are also made by everyone involved, which is known as progettazione. A unique principle found in the Reggio Emilia approach is the one hundred languages of children which means that the children use many different resources and materials to make symbolic representations o f ideas that may arise (Fraser, 2000, Page 8). The principles from the Reggio Emilia Approach also include uninterrupted play. As a whole it is an exciting learning environment for the children, educators and parents all co-learning together. As a second point, lets discuss which theories influence the Reggio Emilia curriculum. For instance in a Montessori school the philosophy will be of Maria Montessori and the day will be planned out using didactic materials and sequential steps based on her research on child studies. The Reggio Emilia Approach is not just based on one philosophy like the Montessori but it is actually based on a number of different philosophers. including Jean Piagets theory for the sequences of cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky theory for the social aspects of learning and the importance of play, Jean Deweys theory for the role of play, human nature and viewing the child in the context of the family and society (Fraser,2000, Page14), Hugh Gardiners theory of multiple intelligences, Urie Bronfenbrenners theory on the environment, Barbara Bibers theory included collaboration and positive self image, and there may be more. As a result of having so many philosophies combined in the Reggio Emilia Approac h, it is known to be a model, focusing on the whole child, development, environment, play, family involvement, self image controlled by educators really understanding how to guide children to express their feelings, and how children use their multiple intelligence and symbolic language. The third topic this paper is addressing, what are the curriculum elements and key programming used in Reggio Emilia Schools? Curriculum is what the children learn from and the experiences they have when being cared for in a child care centre. Key programming is the goals and schedules that a school may have. Traditionally a lot of early childcare centres would plan what toys and activities the children would play with and then help and teach the children how to use them or how to do an activity and then a report may be written to show parents how the child is getting along according to the childs development stage. In the Reggio Emilia Approach the curriculum is very different to traditional teacher taught curriculums. It is planned by what the children are interested in while playing and engaging in activities of their choice. Assessment is used to plan what to do in the classroom based on a childs interests. Its role in the project process is to learn the childrens behaviours, to discover childrens interests, to revisit projects with the children, to gain knowledge on the childrens capabilities and as a tool to study children. The Reggio Approach suggests that by assessing projects over and over again, children understand their own questions. It also stresses that parents, children and educators are co-learners. Additionally the rationale for educators is to assess alongside the children. Educators facilitate rather than directing the children. Educators assess by observing and stepping in or stepping back whenever they need to. They also ask important questions that challenge the children to figure things out by their own curiosity. Documentation is also used to plan the Reggio Approach. Here there are many different methods of documentation from simple note form to the more sophisticated electronic equipment, such as digital cameras, webs, audio recorders, and video recorders (Fraser, 2000, Page 83) depending on what kind of observations are being made. The different observational techniques are running records which are the method used more often, time sampling, art displays, event sampling, anecdotal records, tape recording, sequences of photographs, displays of projects, and video tapes. In the Reggio Approach documentation is used as soon as something happens, The diary of Laura a diary taken from a Reggio Centre in Italy states that teachers work closely with the children taking notes, recording observations they think have meaning toward the learning of that child. Documentation is done when needed theres not only specific timings, notes can be taken at any time, Documentation is done to further assessment and planning towards projects that children want to start or are already working towards. The Reggio Emilia Approach does not have an organized planned curriculum it is actually very spontaneous and is built according to individual or group interests of the children. To emphasize that the curriculum is spontaneous and is planned on the interest of the children educators use different methods of observations at any time. There are many ways to observe in the Reggio Approach. Note taking is one way to observe, they also use diaries to write reflections on observations, photography, videos, audio, written, watching play and careful listening to conversations. Parental observations are taken at home and noted. The rationale for the parent assessments are that they know their children best and children are carefully observed on how the environment is used. The Reggio Emilia Approach suggests that children speak one hundred symbolic languages and they use observations to determine and understand what these languages are. To clarify, observations are used for assessment, documen tation, planning and implementing the curriculum. With this in mind the educators role is to guide the natural curiosity and learning of the children, and the environment is known as the third teacher. The children are little researchers. They can and want to communicate with the surrounding world (Reggio Emilia Philosophy, www.education.com). There are many factors that have to be taken into account when it comes to the role of observations and implementing. The decision to carry out observations is usually the result of a question that has arisen about a child or a group of children and their behaviour or activities in the centre. (Fraser, 2000, Page 81) Similarly, other factors have important roles in implementing the learning process, for example time is important. Children need lots of time to work on ongoing projects. In the Reggio Emilia Approach there are no time limits on projects. Children work on projects as long as they are still interested. Space and layout is carefully set up for dramatic play, water play, block play, physical and manipulation, art and creativity, outdoor play, and quiet time area. This encourages social skills, problem solving skills, making personal choices and team work methods. Teachers carefully organize spaces for small and large group projects and small intimate spaces for one, two and three children. (About Reggio Emilia philosophy, www.education.com) The environment is made to look beautiful and inviting. Another factor in implementing the curriculum process is that the resources that are provided by the educator, another important role of the educator. Materials are carefully chosen they can be natural materials, toys, games, water play, creative materials, open ended materials, blocks, puzzles, books, sand toys, or even dress up clothes for dramatic play. Children use the materials so they can play and further their learning. To manipulate and start the process of projects the educators use positive language and encouragement to help children learn how to express their emotions. Educators plan team meetings to discuss the observations and planning. Parents are always welcome to join or help make decisions. Meetings are used to plan what materials need to be taken out, how the environment should be set up, what is needed for projects that are emerging and also what things need to be changed. The Reggio Emilia Approach is very similar to the emergent curriculum. A lot of the factors used in Reggio are used in the emergent curriculum, but the emergent curriculum emphasizes development and interest and Reggio emphasizes on interest. The final point to discuss in this paper is about how the Reggio Emilia Approach uses all six principles of the ELECT document. In the Reggio Emilia Approach there is a link to the first principle of the ELECT document which is Early child development sets the foundation for lifelong learning, behavior and health An example of this is that diaries are shown to parents, each project is based on being child centered and play based which means that it has to be developmentally appropriate, each assessment is done to figure out the interests of the child and each child is observed to their own developmental stage and long term projects are used so educators can see how children are growing and are developing their learning. Also there are various philosophies used in the Reggio Approach one in particular linked to the different stages and sequences of development are the philosophy of Piaget. The second principle of the ELECT document is Partnerships with families and communities strengthen the ability of early childhood settings to meet the needs of children. The link to the Reggio Emilia Approach to the second principle are that parents work as co learners with educators and children in the Reggio Emilia approach and photographs are displayed around the centre for the children to have a reminder of home. The third principle of the ELECT document is Respect for diversity, equity and inclusion are prerequisites for honoring childrens rights, optimal development and learning:. The next link to The Reggio Emilia Approach is parents are important, one influence is the philosophy of Bronfenbrenner, everyone involved -children, parents and teacher pay an integral part in what is known as the circle of we (Fraser, page.102) Reggio centres respect and support families, cultures and all diverse situations, in addition to this, the Approach also brings families together, learning about the different families, cultures, food and dressing up. The fourth principle of the ELECT document is A planned curriculum supports early learning. This principle is met by the projects that take place in the Reggio schools, projects are worked on in depth and detail, the child centered approach and childrens interest plan the curriculum. The Reggio Emilia Approach can be defined therefore as contextual, that is, it is determined by the dialogue among children, teachers and the environment surrounding them (The Reggio Emilia Approach Truly listening to young children, www.oecd.org). The fifth principle is Play is a means to early learning that capitalizes on childrens natural curiosity and exuberance, this principle is linked to the Reggio Emilia Approach The Reggio Approach is play based and has the same philosophy to the ELECT and the Emergent which is that children learn and grow through different types of play. The word play is not a frequently used word in The Reggio Approach, although as seen above, spontaneous play and play valued as meaningful learning figure among the goals for learning and development. (The Reggio Emilia Approach Truly listening to young children, www.oecd.org), in addition to this the Reggio Emilia Approach also states that play is used to depict 100 different languages through symbolic languages. The last principle, principle six is Knowledgeable, responsive early childhood professionals are essential. This principle is also linked to Reggio Emilias Approach, as Reggio Centers have teachers with extensive staff development; teachers make goals for them self and teachers also learn alongside the children enhancing their understanding of children. Another example of this principle is that the educators of Reggio schools sometimes are not qualified but learn from the other teachers and through each daily experience with the children. In conclusion to this paper it shows that it can take a number of philosophys to create a high quality model, and that not just one philosophy is better than another, but each philosophy actually compliments one another, similarly it proves that children dont necessarily need to be taught by a teacher but can learn by having the opportunity to construct their own learning through a child centered approach. In addition this paper also shows that the role of play, culture, parents, educators, the environment, observations, assessment, documentation, and planning are all very important to implement a childs learning to make up a model like the Reggio Emilia Approach. Finally this paper proves that the Reggio Emilia Approach follows an emergent curriculum that can link to all six principles of the framework provided by the ELECT document.

Going to College while in the Military Essay examples -- Education Car

A college education is an essential step towards a successful military career. To some enlisted members, continuing or starting a college education may seem difficult to do. My decision to continue a college education was easy. Being stationed at an Air Base for a year has given me an opportunity to do so without being sidetracked by some of life’s daily responsibilities. Since it is an unaccompanied tour and I have no choice but to live in dorms, going to college is much easier then back in the states. Being stationed here has given me great opportunity to dedicate all my free time towards a college degree. After going to the Education Center I was very pleased. Right now the Air Force will pay one hundred percent of my college tuition fees. So the first thing I did was set a goal. I planned to start small; first working towards my Community College of the Air Force (CCAF) degree. The CCAF is the only degree-granting institution of higher learning in the world dedicated exclu sively to enlisted people (The Insider: Air Force Education Programs, par. 4). A CCAF degree, which is equal to an associate degree, helps in numerous ways. Many Air Force special duty assignments require enlisted members to have a CCAF degree. For example, to become a Military Training Instructor or T.I., the member applying is required to have a CCAF degree. The path towards a college degree may be challenging; however, the rewards seem to be endless. Some of my co-workers apparently do not have time to take advantage of a free college education. Working as aircraft maintainers cuts into their free time. It can be tough not knowing if tomorrow will be a twelve or fourteen hour shift. Of course who would want to sign up for classes if one cannot attend th... ...have to take away from all of one’s free time. Taking at least one class per term can allow plenty of time to enjoy off duty hours. Online courses allow for military members to deploy without worrying about missing classes and all of the important material covered. CLEP and DANTES tests require little or no studying and save time and money while still helping to earn college credits. -With education being a major contributor to successful military careers, it takes a commitment to self-improvement and a great deal of motivation to continue or start a college education. After knowing all available options and benefits, making a decision should be simple. Besides obvious career benefits, a college education broadens horizons and allows Airmen to change their outlook on the world. Works Cited The Insider: Air Force Education Programs. 24 Jul. 2003. 13 Mar 2005.

Biases and Judgment in the Hiring Process Essay

Recently, a new case manager for the radiology department in the hospital was hired. In order to maintain the good name of the hospital, our honored organization, and for it to stand for its very highly valued services and unequalled reputation, it is only inherent that we evaluate our practices. In this regard, yours truly is making a self-evaluation process as to the dignity and reasonability on the decision to hire Mr. Smith as a case manager over the rest of the eight final candidates. Deciding as to which one to choose among the many outstanding candidates was a difficult ordeal. Aside from this obvious task on selecting which, among the original seventeen (17) applicants, and narrowing them into eight (8) final candidates, is the best and the most suitable case-manager-to-be, there are other issues at hand that need to be addressed given my position. The two most dominant of these issues that yours truly needed to strongly consider are biases and egocentrism. Although Barton (2001) noted that â€Å"everyone has biases†, it is not an excuse not to minimize it or be aware of it and prevent it from happening. On the other hand, egocentrism happens when one â€Å"can only view the world from their perspective and finds it difficult to understand any other†. (Oakley 18) Biases and egocentrism are so inherent that they need to be warded off every time a major decision, such as hiring a key organization manager, is to be made. Combating one’s bias is not simple but as long as there is patience, it can at least be reduced to its minimum level. In the case of yours truly, the following major measures are applied in order to succeed in eliminating or at least minimizing bias: a. Identifying the issue at hand and getting informed as much as possible, b. Not adhering to stereotyping and discrimination (age, gender, sexual orientation, physical appearance, ethnic origin, etcetera; and c. Applying the â€Å"scientific method† Once a person has enough knowledge about something, he or she is not easy to be deceived, especially by his or her own biases. Stereotyping and discrimination is so strong in this society, thus, yours truly always make a checklist in avoiding all these types of biases or causes of biases. The â€Å"Scientific Method† always works in reducing or eliminating bias. This means that yours truly always see to it to ccollect useful data by means of observing and experimenting, then formulate and test hypothesis. Even though this may sound so technical but it can be applied on almost every situation. As for egocentrism, almost the same procedures are applied in order to eliminate it during a decision-making process. Moreover, one simple rule applies here as well: the Golden Rule while stepping into someone’s shoes. For situations where yours truly believe that egocentrism may takeover, the idea comes to mind carrying the solution. This solution is in the form of inner examining voice asking, â€Å"If I am in his or her situation, how would I like to be treated? † Thus, it is a mixed golden rule and empathy. The answer to the question always reduces/eliminates egocentricity. Decisions by expedience are considered as foundations of this organization. Decisions based on reflections give this organization its emotion and meaning. Thus, yours truly also utilize both, around 80% of decisions are expedience-based and the rest are based upon reflection. It is always important though, during the entire decision-making process to â€Å"ensure that subjective decisions about omitting some subjects from the analysis do not cause bias† (Peat, 2001, p. 200) Decision-making is difficult and determination is important in succeeding. There are also factors deterring a person to perfect his/her decision-making abilities but once these factors are identified and admitted by the decision-maker, there are various ways to combat them.

Testing Employees for Drugs essays

Testing Employees for Drugs essays Testing employees for the use of drugs, regardless of the occupation, has been a controversial issue for years. Obviously, those who use drugs, including those not considered hard drugs such as marijuana, feel that it is a violation of their right to privacy. And they are right! However, that is only viewing this issue from a deontological perspective. The utilitarian perspective offers quite a different view. From this perspective, drug testing the employees of a company is the solution that is for the greater good for the greatest number of people for the longest amount of time. Imagine if drug testing did nor exist. Chances are that eventually an incident such as an airplane pilot overdosing on drugs would occur, producing devastating results. Therefore, there are certain occupations that are required to undergo mandatory drug testing. The drug testing of millions of transportation workers-largely bus and truck drivers, airline flight crews and mechanics, and a variety of r ailroad workers-is required by the government in the name of public safety. Its easy to see why employers are concerned about their employees using drugs. Compared with the overage employee, recreational drug users are more than two times more likely to be late for work, almost four times more likely to injure themselves or others in the workplace, and five times more likely to file a workers compensation claim. For the small price of a drug test employees can gain much more security and have that added insurance that they will be able to operate a safer and more efficient workplace As the articles continues to state, drug testing is not as simple as it may appear. Employers are not able to just send their employees down the street to the local testing facility for drug tests. For example, Connecticut has many rules and regulations regarding drug testing. Many of these regulations exist due to the in...

Free Essays on Illustrative Composition

I think that if we eliminate crime that we would be better economically. Prisoners in today’s prison system feed of our tax money whether we like it or not. Prisoners today can look forward to hardy meals, television, lifting weights, and playing sports. This in my mind sounds more like a resort than prison. When people are sent to a penitentiary they are there because they did something that was immoral. Therefore the punishment needs to fit the crime. Our prisons need to be cold, boring and strike an impression on the convict of a horrible retched place. But presently that is not how it is. These men or women are having a good time in prison. They’re not doing it for free either. The prison system alone takes $1,500,000 to maintain a year. That includes Recreation, Cable T.V., and other extra events. The prison system is part of the government as a means of reform in a person’s life. Therefore it needs to be harsh and unbending in its reform. So that when these inmates get out they are forever changed and not the same as they where when they came. That is why our prison system needs reform. It cannot continue treating offenders, who statistically 45% are violent offenders according to the Bureau of Justice, like they are.... Free Essays on Illustrative Composition Free Essays on Illustrative Composition I think that if we eliminate crime that we would be better economically. Prisoners in today’s prison system feed of our tax money whether we like it or not. Prisoners today can look forward to hardy meals, television, lifting weights, and playing sports. This in my mind sounds more like a resort than prison. When people are sent to a penitentiary they are there because they did something that was immoral. Therefore the punishment needs to fit the crime. Our prisons need to be cold, boring and strike an impression on the convict of a horrible retched place. But presently that is not how it is. These men or women are having a good time in prison. They’re not doing it for free either. The prison system alone takes $1,500,000 to maintain a year. That includes Recreation, Cable T.V., and other extra events. The prison system is part of the government as a means of reform in a person’s life. Therefore it needs to be harsh and unbending in its reform. So that when these inmates get out they are forever changed and not the same as they where when they came. That is why our prison system needs reform. It cannot continue treating offenders, who statistically 45% are violent offenders according to the Bureau of Justice, like they are....

Works of Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Essay Example

Works of Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Essay Example Works of Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Essay Works of Nadine Gordimer and Patricia Smith Essay The conflict identified in the short story, â€Å"Country Lovers† by Nadine Gordimer (1975) and the poem, â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl† by Patricia Smith (1991) centers around ethnicity and race which represent how being black plays a role in individual versus society, showing that humans can be critical of themselves and others and also judgmental. Both stories have strong characterization meaning the author uses this to reveal character, by outright description of an individual, by what an individual says and does, and by what others say about the individual (Clugstone, 2010). The message from these two stories are racism of two strong black women who were faced with discrimination, poverty, hatred, love, and both stories end in unhappiness. Most of us have experienced racism in this lifetime it is important for us to stay focus on what is most important. According to the textbook the main character both the short story and the poem was about the black female. There are still racial and ethical problems witnessed and experienced in today’s society in places such as the general public, the workplace, and even schools. This was not a subject that was discussed enough because it was very sensitive and the outcomes of the discussions were normally filled with anger or depression. Country Lovers and What It’s Like To be A Black Girl use the same theme like ethnicity or race. Nadine Griner wrote the short story, Country Lovers, in 1975. It took place in South Africa. Country Lovers is about the love between a young white boy named Paulus and a you ng black girl named Thebedi. From the start of this short story you could tell the theme was about interracial relationships and interracial problems. Paulus and Thebedi are the main characters in the story. The black ancestors were Thebedi’s racial ethnicity and the ancestors were white on Paulus’s side. They have known each other for years because Thebedis father was a farm s

Russian literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Russian literature - Essay Example It clearly showed that the very "simple Soviet man" by whose name all the Stalinists sworn suffered from Stalinism most of all. The main character of Solzhenitsyn’s story is Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, the ordinary prisoner of Stalin's camps. In this story the author on behalf of his hero tells on just one day out of three thousand six hundred and fifty-three days of term of Ivan Denisovich. But that day will be enough to understand what conditions prevailed in the camp, which law existed, learn about the lives of prisoners to get terrified by all this. Camp is a special world that exists separately, in parallel to that of other people. Here there are other laws that differ from our usual ones; everyone here survives in its own way. Life in the camp is shown not from the outside, but from inside by the person who knows about it firsthand, from his personal experience. That is why the story is startling in its realism. The question is whether it is possible to survive in these ter rible conditions, to survive not only as a being, but as a personality. The main character with all his life proves that it is possible. "Thank you, Lord, another day is gone!" - Ivan Denisovich concludes his story, - "A day passed, unalloyed, almost happy". On this day, Shukhov was really lucky: a team was not driven to Sotsgorodok to pull wire in the cold without heat, passed through the cooler, got off with just washing the floors in the guard room, received an extra portion of dinner meals, the work was familiar to him – he had to put the wall in the TPP, he worked lively, passed the jail shakedown safely and carried the saw to the camp, earned some money in the evening at Caesar's and bought two glasses of Latvian home-grown tobacco, and, which was most important, he did not get sick, he coped the cold. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov was sentenced to ten years on trumped-up case: he was accused that he had returned from captivity with the secret German job assignment, and nobod y could state exactly what exactly this job was. As a man he cannot help causing respect: in spite of all the conditions he managed to keep kindness and friendly attitude to people, he has not got bloody-minded, has not lost humanity. Shukhov is willing to share the latest with a good man, even just to please him. Ivan Denisovich gives cookies to Alyosha-Baptists to pamper and support him, because he "caters to all, and can not earn. " And how well Ivan Denisovich treats Gopchik! For him Gopchik is almost as a native son. I feel deep respect to this man, unlike, for example, to the jackal Fetyukov, a former high chief, accustomed to command, who does not even hesitate to get butts out of the spittoon. This is a real jackal, who lives at the expense of other’s leftovers. To lick someone else's plates, to look into someone’s mouth in anticipation that he would get something - for him it is quite common. He causes only disgust, even convicts refuse to work with him. In th e camp he had not left even a drop of male pride, he openly wept when he was beaten for licking plates. Indeed, everyone chooses a lifeline for himself, but the most undignified way is the way of an informer Panteleev living through squealing to other prisoners. These people are hated in the camp, and the fact that the three were killed, did not surprise anybody. Death here is common, and life turns into nothing. It scares the most. Unlike them, Ivan Denisovich "was not a jackal, even after eight years of

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Paper Essay

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Paper - Essay Example The accounting Principles are accounting standards that should be implemented, without exception. The United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles indicate how to record the entity’s assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, expenses, costs, and profits in the financial reports. The entity includes the healthcare facilities. There are organizations that are tasked with implementing the United States generally accepted accounting principles (Kieso, 2011). The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) contributes to more understandable United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) plays a major role in the successful implementation of the same principles. United States Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) contributes a vital part in the propagation and discussion of the complex United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. In terms of assets, the United States hea lth care facilities must implement all rules in terms of recording the fair amount of assets during the related accounting period (Glencoe, 2008). The assets include what the United States health care facilities own. ... The United States health care facilities’ own buildings and lots form part of the company’s assets. Next, United States generally accepted accounting principles includes recording all United States health care facilities’ liabilities. The liabilities include short term and long term liabilities. The short term liabilities are the accounts payable and the notes payable amounts. The long term liabilities include the bank loans and other loans where the final payment occurs after the company’s accounting period expires. Furthermore, United States health care facilities’ United States generally accepted accounting principles include recording all stockholder equity or capital accounts (Horngren, 2009). The stockholders equity accounts include the cash and noncash contributions of the current and future investors. The stockholders equity total is reduced by the company’s net losses. The stockholders’ equity amount is increased by the compan y’s net profits that are generated within one accounting period. The United States health care facilities’ United States generally accepted accounting principles includes recording the fair amount of revenues within the related accounting period (Glencoe, 2008). The United States health care facilities must record the amounts equal to the United States health care facilities’ patient services. The healthcare services include the medical operations, medical examinations such as stool exam, vital statistics exams, medical operations, and medical doctors’ medical consultation services. The United States health care facilities’ United States generally accepted accounting principles include recording all the

Material Selection Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Material Selection Case Study - Essay Example The outcome is that presently golf clubs have been developed that perfectly suit each of the aforementioned groups. It is now even possible to customize the manufacturing of these kits to satisfy individual taste, preferences and financial strength. Golf manufacturers have been able to satisfy their customers, largely because of the wide array of materials available for use. Through research and development, new materials or new combinations of existing ones have been unearthed to develop even better fitted kits. A recent study by Peterson (2003) has revealed the extent to which technology and material selection for that matter, has contributed in boosting golfer player performance over the past 20 years. The author found, for example, that the average driving distance of median tour players has increased by 27.3 yards from 1993 to 2003.The improvement in performance was traced to better golf equipment developed for the game by manufacturers. This report reviews commonly used materials in manufacturing golf clubs. In doing so, it gives plausible reasons why and how they were incorporated as materials into golf clubs. The report concludes with the presentation of some possible materials that could be used in future for manufacturing these equipments. Golf clubs come in various shapes, sizes and colors... The shaft of a golf club measures about 89 to 115 centimeters in length and has a diameter of about 12 millimeters towards the grip end of the club. The most common way of classifying shafts is based on the extent to which they bend when swings of a player are applied to them. On the basis of how they withstand this pressure, they are described as either being stiff or soft. Stiffer shafts facilitate relatively faster swings than their softer counterparts for a given load applied. Generally, the stiffer the shaft, the greater it can potentially impart the ball when struck. However, if it is too stiff, a golfer may not be able to apply enough swing to it for its maximum effect to be manifested. In that case, it leads to a loss of distance coverage. This problem notwithstanding, stiffer shaft gives greater accuracy than their softer counterparts. Materials used for making shafts are steel, graphite fiber, a combination of steel and graphite, among others. The grip is the end of the shaft opposite to the head. It is commonly made from materials such as rubber, synthetic leather, or derivatives of these materials. The third component of a golf club is the club head. This is that part of the club that comes into direct contact with the ball when hit. A golf club head can be made from persimmon or maple wood, metal inpregrenated woods such as titanium or iron or steel woods, among others. 3.0 Materials used in manufacturing golf clubs As already mentioned, various materials are employed in the manufacturing golf clubs. These materials possess unique properties that aid the making of superior and easy to use golf clubs. This section takes a good look at these materials and highlights some

Middle East Conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Conflicts - Essay Example Though history is replete with the countless wars fought between the followers belonging to divergent faiths, where both the sides asserted their claim to be the people of God, yet the Middle East crisis have witnessed over two centuries long clashes along with six decades long bloody struggle between the Jews and Muslims. Consequently, four wars have been fought between the two communities in order to win complete domination and hold in the region. Took place in 1948, 1967, 1973 and 2006, the Arab-Israel conflicts are the worst precedents of wars in the name of religion. Historical Background: During 19th century, when the nationalist movements began to emerge in Europe and Jews were being persecuted in Austria, Prussia and England by the orthodox Christians, the Jews started dreaming of acquiring their separate homeland, where no one could gather courage to hurt, humiliate and discard their community. Thus the Zionist movement came into being by the end of nineteenth century. The Jews started to shifting to Palestine and purchased land there en mass. Initially, the Arabs allowed them live side by side with them, but due to the continuous increase in Jewish population, the Arab nationalism emerged, and the young generation started resistance against further Jewish immigration in the region. Twentieth century brought the news of independence for countless nations in the aftermath of two Great Wars between the then superpowers of the world, which had weakened the UK, Germany, France, Austria and Japan. Palestine was under the subjugation of the Ottoman Empire till 1917, which was captured by the Allied Forces in the aftermath of WWI. The big powers allow the Jews to enter their ‘promised land’ Israel in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, the most sacred area for Jews on the earth. It was really perturbing for the Arabs, who had been in majority and political domination in the entire region for

Political science (political analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political science (political analysis) - Essay Example The term 'globalisation' is commonly shorthand for 'globalising processes'. Privileging the verb rather than the noun form is a significant tactical move since we do not wish to convey the intuition that we comprehend globalisation in reified and simply naturalistic ways. In Power: A Radical View Lukes define power rhetorically: "is it not the supreme and most insidious exercise of power to prevent people, to whatever degree, from having grievances by shaping their perceptions, cognitions and preferences in such a way that they accept their role in the existing order of things " (1974: 24). Steven Lukes and William Connolly argued that the exercise of power must be, to some meaningful degree, the product of choice, because a normatively compelling definition must preserve the relation between power and responsibility. According to Lukes: The reason why identifying [the exercise of power] involves the assumption that the exerciser(s) could have acted differently - and, where they are unaware of the consequences of their action or inaction, that they could have ascertained these - is that an attribution of power is at the same time an attribution of (partial or total) responsibility for certain consequences. (Lukes; 1974: 55-6) Lukes' dimensions of power evidence points to the misrecognition of real interests by the majority of state actors on a global scale. Thus within globalisation, generic agency has increased its tendential character towards dominant agency-and this means that the prospects for radical agency within a global civil society are more limited and co-opted than before. Arendt define power as " Power --is actually the reality behind the use of violence". She holds that political theory needs to adopt such a new sense of power in order to achieve an adequate understanding of the nature of political rule. Many of the characteristics of globalisation are determined by the structural power that is the development of technology particularly computers and electronic communication. On power, Lukes concludes that there are various answers, all deeply familiar, which respond to our interests in both the outcomes and the structure of power. Perhaps this explains why, in our ordinary unreflective judgments and comparisons of structural power, we normally know what we mean and have little difficulty in understanding one another, yet every attempt at a single general answer to the question has failed and seems likely to fail. (1986, 17) Structural power inferred from the structures of the national level to international level. Each national industry of a country's moving to the forces of globalization and offers ready indicators of its degree of integration into the global world economy. Future developments in technology are likely to increase this tendency rather than otherwise. So, power is moving from a national to international level as the process of internationalization is just a case of developing that has characterized most of human history, the continuous expansion from the local. Both globalisation and internationalizat

Final A for ANTH100 D002 Spr 13 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final A for ANTH100 D002 Spr 13 - Assignment Example As the societies changed, many misperceptions developed. People started to think that those groups of people who survive on hunting and gathering are usually weak, poor and malnourished. The research shows that these hunters and gatherers rather suffer less starvation and are better nourished than many of the agriculturalists. They also tend to face infrequent famines and obtain a greater variety of foods. Many years ago these hunters and gatherers in foraging societies lived in different geographical areas as they changed their places seasonally. They lived in places like tents or small huts and moved as soon as the supplies of food started to exhaust. These hunters and gatherers never had a relatively respectable place in the society ever since the people divided into geographical and cultural locations. As many developments took place, there were lesser locations which consisted of wild plants and animals that could be hunted and gathered, thus these groups of people left for the wild areas. For hunting and gathering the hunters require a large area of land thus in developed societies they could not form their forage societies (Nanda, 2013). 2. Larger societies include groups whose organization can be categorized as bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. What type of organizational structure would you argue that the Hutterites fall under? Please explain your reasoning. The Hutterites are communities of a group of religious people who follow their traditions and sacred cultures and fight the modern cultures of the world outside. Almost all of these people are related to one another and they hold on to the old traditions of their ancestors. Their basic source of income is through their farming practices but their people have now started to rely on manufacturing work as surviving on farming alone is hard. The Hutterites’ colonies can be classified as tribes in the organizational structure. This is because these groups of people have a common culture, comm on tradition, common ancestors, are related to one another, common language, a political organization and a definite territory. Hutterites may not be classified as bands as they consist of no more than 100 members of the same family. Chiefdoms have positions and ranks of people which direct the highest ranked member of the society and the lowest ranked member; however there is no hierarchy of power in Hutterite colonies. States must have their own economy and a centralized government which is absent in the Hutterite colonies. Thus, these colonies can be regarded as tribes as they have all the features of a tribe; common religion, tradition, language, name and ancestors. The Hutterite colonies consist of elected members who are the ministers, trustees and directors. They are the permanent leaders of the colonies and direct the members to act accordingly to avoid conflicts. These colonies are self sufficient and do not contract outsiders for their labor or other work (Stahl, 2003). 3. What kinds of evidence have been examined to try to determine the time of origin of modern human language? What answer to this question do these suggest? The origin of the modern human language is subjected to discussions since several centuries and yet no conclusion has been made. The scholars fail to agree on a specific time or age in which the modern human language originated. The main reason why this topic has become a

Middle East Conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East Conflicts - Essay Example Though history is replete with the countless wars fought between the followers belonging to divergent faiths, where both the sides asserted their claim to be the people of God, yet the Middle East crisis have witnessed over two centuries long clashes along with six decades long bloody struggle between the Jews and Muslims. Consequently, four wars have been fought between the two communities in order to win complete domination and hold in the region. Took place in 1948, 1967, 1973 and 2006, the Arab-Israel conflicts are the worst precedents of wars in the name of religion. Historical Background: During 19th century, when the nationalist movements began to emerge in Europe and Jews were being persecuted in Austria, Prussia and England by the orthodox Christians, the Jews started dreaming of acquiring their separate homeland, where no one could gather courage to hurt, humiliate and discard their community. Thus the Zionist movement came into being by the end of nineteenth century. The Jews started to shifting to Palestine and purchased land there en mass. Initially, the Arabs allowed them live side by side with them, but due to the continuous increase in Jewish population, the Arab nationalism emerged, and the young generation started resistance against further Jewish immigration in the region. Twentieth century brought the news of independence for countless nations in the aftermath of two Great Wars between the then superpowers of the world, which had weakened the UK, Germany, France, Austria and Japan. Palestine was under the subjugation of the Ottoman Empire till 1917, which was captured by the Allied Forces in the aftermath of WWI. The big powers allow the Jews to enter their ‘promised land’ Israel in the neighborhood of Jerusalem, the most sacred area for Jews on the earth. It was really perturbing for the Arabs, who had been in majority and political domination in the entire region for

Final A for ANTH100 D002 Spr 13 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final A for ANTH100 D002 Spr 13 - Assignment Example As the societies changed, many misperceptions developed. People started to think that those groups of people who survive on hunting and gathering are usually weak, poor and malnourished. The research shows that these hunters and gatherers rather suffer less starvation and are better nourished than many of the agriculturalists. They also tend to face infrequent famines and obtain a greater variety of foods. Many years ago these hunters and gatherers in foraging societies lived in different geographical areas as they changed their places seasonally. They lived in places like tents or small huts and moved as soon as the supplies of food started to exhaust. These hunters and gatherers never had a relatively respectable place in the society ever since the people divided into geographical and cultural locations. As many developments took place, there were lesser locations which consisted of wild plants and animals that could be hunted and gathered, thus these groups of people left for the wild areas. For hunting and gathering the hunters require a large area of land thus in developed societies they could not form their forage societies (Nanda, 2013). 2. Larger societies include groups whose organization can be categorized as bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. What type of organizational structure would you argue that the Hutterites fall under? Please explain your reasoning. The Hutterites are communities of a group of religious people who follow their traditions and sacred cultures and fight the modern cultures of the world outside. Almost all of these people are related to one another and they hold on to the old traditions of their ancestors. Their basic source of income is through their farming practices but their people have now started to rely on manufacturing work as surviving on farming alone is hard. The Hutterites’ colonies can be classified as tribes in the organizational structure. This is because these groups of people have a common culture, comm on tradition, common ancestors, are related to one another, common language, a political organization and a definite territory. Hutterites may not be classified as bands as they consist of no more than 100 members of the same family. Chiefdoms have positions and ranks of people which direct the highest ranked member of the society and the lowest ranked member; however there is no hierarchy of power in Hutterite colonies. States must have their own economy and a centralized government which is absent in the Hutterite colonies. Thus, these colonies can be regarded as tribes as they have all the features of a tribe; common religion, tradition, language, name and ancestors. The Hutterite colonies consist of elected members who are the ministers, trustees and directors. They are the permanent leaders of the colonies and direct the members to act accordingly to avoid conflicts. These colonies are self sufficient and do not contract outsiders for their labor or other work (Stahl, 2003). 3. What kinds of evidence have been examined to try to determine the time of origin of modern human language? What answer to this question do these suggest? The origin of the modern human language is subjected to discussions since several centuries and yet no conclusion has been made. The scholars fail to agree on a specific time or age in which the modern human language originated. The main reason why this topic has become a

Harrison Bergeron Essay Example for Free

Harrison Bergeron Essay In the short story, â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, Kurt Vonnegut portrays a society in which â€Å"everyone is equal†. Through the efforts of the Handicapper General, all persons who were endowed with anything more than moderate talents are forced to wear various devices meant to make everyone equal, intellectually and physically. Through showing his audience what a truly â€Å"equal† society could be, as well as how government could regulate equality, Kurt Vonnegut clearly makes the point that truly equality leads to a loss of true individuality within a society. Each person in society has talents that another does not, which is what creates diversity in our communities and careers. By removing this diversity from society by making every person equal, the government is inviting its own demise. The first example of how idealistic equality creates a lack of individuality is in the scene where George and Hazel Bergeron are watching ballerinas on television. George notes, â€Å"They weren’t really very good – no better than anybody else would have been, anyway†. By leveling the playing field, and forcing ballerinas to wear weights and masks to hide their talent and beauty, the Handicapper General has taken away from the dancers their unique talents for dancing and eliminating any competition between ballerinas. If all dancers must be equal, this eliminates the need for any one ballerina to spend extra time practicing, or trying to be a better ballerina. This, in turn, could create a less than desirable work ethic, as the ballerinas do not have to work as hard to be competitive. As Philip Fetzer explains, â€Å"†¦ even if it were possible to create a society based on equality of ability, it would not be desirable to do so. A society without differences of ability would generate no leaders, no great works of art or literature, no new ideas. The society would quickly stagnate†. The second instance in which Vonnegut shows his readers the impact of an equal society is when George and Hazel are talking about what society would be like without handicaps to make everyone equal. George cannot think for more than a few seconds at a time because of the handicap that he must wear in his ear, to distract him from his thoughts by blaring loud noises at random. All people who have above â€Å"average† intelligence are required to wear such a device to eliminate any unfair intellectual advantage over others. However, by scaring off the thoughts of truly intelligent people, the government is also creating a society in which nothing will ever change. Without the truly intelligent men and women in any society, there are no new inventions or new ideas that, in the past, have revolutionized a society. By making all people intellectually equal, the government and the society itself will remain unchanged and unadvanced. Ironically, George believes that without handicaps to keep everyone equal, â€Å"pretty soon we’d be right back to the dark ages again, with everybody competing against everybody else†. However, without competition, society would revert to the dark ages, unable to compete with other societies and develop new technology and innovation. As Christopher Alexion points out, human beings must be careful with creating equality, because of the risk of taking it â€Å"to extremes that eventually destroy whatever it was we were trying to protect. Thats why our efforts toward equality need vitally to be guided by a love of liberty. Naked equality is just another name for tyranny – for if everyones going to be equal in all aspects, then no one can really be free†. The final example of the effect of a truly equal society occurs when Harrison Bergeron appears on television with all of his clanking weights and extreme handicaps. Harrison is athletic and intelligent, and has an obscene amount of handicaps because of this. Harrison attempts to overthrow the government, by declaring himself â€Å"the Emperor†, and removing all of his handicaps, as well as those of his chosen Empress. By having independent thoughts and beliefs, Harrison leads his own revolution in an attempt to change society for the better. Harrison sees that the constant equality means that people are no longer competitive, and he decides to try to change that. However, he is killed by the government in the process, and any dreams of change die with him. As Steven Saus notes, â€Å"The maximization of human potential and the potential of society can only be achieved by allowing all individuals to have the best opportunity to succeed within the limits of their primary characteristics†. Any person who has new ideas or tries to initiate change within an equal society would be met with the same fate, and consequently, nothing would ever change. By creating a society in which every person is equal, Kurt Vonnegut is able to show his readers how devastating to a society equality could be. At a time when political correctness is a must, and society strives for equality, it is easy to see how true equality could lead to a lack of diversity and competition within a society. Although Vonnegut’s society was a fictional one, a society similar to the one in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† would become a stagnant and unmotivated environment, falling behind in innovation and invention. Ultimately, the equality in this story will lead to the demise of the society.

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology Moist and dry heat How are microorganisms destroyed by moist heat? By dry heat? Moist: Destroys the structure and organisms by destroying with heat. The combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually 121 °C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes. Dry: Kills organisms using oxidation methods. Most resistant of the spores requires a temperature of 121 °C for around two hours Are some microorganisms more resistant to heat than others? Why? Endospores are extremely resistant to heat because they have a tougher coat and a low moisture content. Additionally, they have a large amount of calcium and dipicolinic acid that helps to protect them from heat. Is moist heat more effective than dry heat? Why? The National Library of Medicine states, â€Å"Moist heat penetrates faster than dry heat† (Medicine, 2015). Moist heat penetrates the molecules, additionally, the water molecules conduct heat much better than air. Why does dry heat require higher temperatures for longer time periods to sterilize than does moist heat? Because water is a better conductor than air, therefore the dry heat does not penetrate as well. What is the relationship of time to temperature in heat sterilization? Explain. Basically the higher the temperature the less time needed. The autoclave Define the principles of sterilization with an autoclave and with a dry heat oven. An autoclave sterilizes using high pressurized steam heat that is made by high temperature boiling water and pressure. The steam vibrations destroy the microorganisms. Judelson states, â€Å"Autoclaving generally involves heating in saturated steam under a pressure of approximately 15 psi, to achieve a chamber temperature of a least 121 °C (250 °F)—but industry, other combinations of time and temperature are sometimes used† (Judelson, 2015). Dry heat ovens subject the microorganisms to high temperatures and destroy the bacteria’s by drying them out and basically sterilizing them from the outside to the inside by heat and no water. Unlike an autoclave which is one piece of equipment, dry heat can include a hot air oven, incineration, radiation, microwave, Bunsen burner and flaming. What pressure, temperature, and time are used in routine autoclaving? With the combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually at 121 °C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes (Kenneth Todar, 2015). What factors determine the time period necessary for steam-pressure sterilization? Dry-heat oven sterilization? The combination of temperature and time are what decides the actual time. Accordint to Mazhar Hussain, â€Å"The thermal death time is the time required to kill all the bacteria in a particular culture at a specified temperature. Both TDP and TDT are useful guidelines that indicate the severity of treatment required to kill a given population of bacteria† (Hussian, 2015). With dry heat the materials play an important factor. Why is it necessary to use bacteriologic controls to monitor heat- sterilization techniques? They are necessary to ensure that the autoclave is working properly and efficiently. They are place throughout the autoclave to ensure a complete testing of the autoclave. When running an endospore control of autoclaving technique, why is one endospore preparation incubated without heating? The control is used to ensure that the spores are destroyed effectively and that there are no problems with the machine. Primary media for isolation of microorganisms Define a differential medium and discuss its purpose. Morello taught us that a differential media has one or more components that are used by some types of microorganisms and yet not others. (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) This a will allow an individual to tell the differences of a colony based on the colonies characteristics (i.e. shape, color or pattern). Define a selective medium and describe its uses. Selective media choses one type of microorganisms and then suppresses the others while not inhibiting their ability to actually grow. MacConkey’s agar would be a selective media as it selects gram negative bacteria and yet inhibits gram positive bacteria. Why is MacConkey agar selective as well as differential? According to Austin Community College, â€Å"MacConkey Agar (MAC) is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate enterics based on their ability to ferment lactose, by using bile salts and crystal violet inhibit the growth of Gram positive organisms and lactose provides a source of fermentable carbohydrate, allowing for differentiation† (ACC, 2015). Why is blood agar useful as a primary isolation medium? Blood agar would be a differential media because of its ability to destroy hemoglobin and red blood cells. What is the major difference between Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) and chocolate agar? When would you use MTM rather than chocolate agar? Modified Thayer-Martin is a selective medium that is for gram negative microorganisms that has both a medium and antibiotics, whereas chocolate agar is a non-selective medium. Modified Thayer-Martin is only used when the culture ordered is from the genital area or for sexually transmitted diseases, whereas chocolate is used for many different types of cultures. Metabolic activities of bacteria What is the color of phenol red at an acid pH? Yellow is the color below 7.0 pH. What is the function of a Durham tube? A Durham tube contains a small inverted tube that is used for trapping the gasses that are formed when the broth inside is incubated. (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) Why is iodine used to detect starch hydrolysis? When the iodine dissolves with a solution of potassium, it will to turn a purple or blackish color due to the interaction with starch. How is indole produced in SIM medium? How is it detected? Hardy Diagnostics states, â€Å"The ingredients in SIM Medium enable the determination of three activities by which enteric bacteria can be differentiated; sodium thiosulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate are indicators of hydrogen sulfide production and the ferrous ammonium sulfate reacts with H2S gas to produce ferrous sulfide, a black precipitate, additionally the casein peptone is rich in tryptophan, which is attacked by certain microorganisms resulting in the production of indole† (Diagnostics, 2015). Following the incubation period, the indole is detected with the addition of the reagents. Therefore the detection of the motility is due to the semisolid nature of the medium. How is hydrogen sulfide demonstrated in this medium? The hydrogen sulfide is detected after the production of ferrous sulfide when ferrous ammonium sulfate has reacted with H2S gas. What is the advantage of viewing mold structures in a transparent tape preparation? Southern University of Illinois states, â€Å"The advantage of transparent tape preparation is it allows the fungal structures to be viewed without disrupting the characteristics of their morphology† (Illinois, 2015) What fungus can be identified reliably by using the germ tube test? Morello taught us that â€Å"Candida albicans is the most common yeast found using the germ test and is an important cause of human infection† (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) Name three stains or reagents that may be used to facilitate the microscopic detection of fungi in clinical samples. Potassium hydroxide Calcofluor white India Ink Wright, Giemsa, or Diff-Quikstains Gram stain What is the main advantage of using the slide culture technique for identifying molds? It is a fast way to prepare, identify and examine fungal colonies. It makes it easier to study with little disturbances. According to Amrita, â€Å"Fungi are identified mostly by close examination of its morphology and the characteristics it possess† (Amrita, 2015). What is an opportunistic pathogen? Name three fungal specimens. It is a pathogen that takes advantage of an individual that has a compromised immunity system. Candidiasis, Apergillosis and Cryptococcosis Protozoa and animal parasites Describe the basic structures of protozoa. Can these same structures be seen in bacteria using a light microscope? The structure of protozoa is a single celled organisms with a true nucleus with chromosomes and surrounded by a membranous envelope. Additionally, Professor Anderson of Columbia University states, â€Å"They also have other internal cellular structures known as organelles that perform the many physiological functions needed to maintain the life of the organism and these organelles include mitochondria that break down nutrient molecules during respiration to produce energy for the cell† (Anderson, 2015). Are any parasitic diseases directly communicable from person to person? If so, how are they transmitted? What kinds of precautions should be taken in caring for persons with directly transmissible parasitic infections? Yes, but most have to have a host to be transferred. Lice for and an example is a parasite that can jump from one individual to another. Additionally, if someone is infected and does not use proper cleaning/washing of hands they can introduce a parasite through the preparation of food. Washing of hands and using precautionary techniques is the best way to prevent the contamination or spreading of parasites. What parasitic forms can be seen in the feces of a patient with hookworm? Eggs can be seen in hookworm, Eggs and body parts can be seen in tapeworm, in cryptosporidiosis the parasite can be seen, in trichinosis, the doctor will look for the antibodies of the roundworm. (Merck, 2015) What parasitic forms can be seen in the blood of a patient with African sleeping sickness? Filariasis? Amebiasis? In the blood of an individual with African sleeping sickness, the T. b. rhodesiense parasites can be found. In Filariasis, According to The Center for Disease Control (CDC), â€Å"The adult worms only live in the human lymph system† (CDC, 2015). For Amebiasis The Center for Disease Control also states that, â€Å"Diagnosis can be difficult because other parasites can look very similar toE. histolyticawhen seen under a microscope† (CDC, 2015), but the cysts can be seen in the stools/feces of an infected person. What is meant by the â€Å"life cycle† of a parasite? What importance does it have to those who take care of patients with parasitic diseases? The life cycle depends on the parasite, there are stages, the parasite infects a host, feeds off of the host and lays eggs. Sometimes the eggs hatch and sometimes the y turn into cysts. The eggs, cysts and sometimes parts of the body are then transferred out of the body through fecal matter, or sometimes infected blood. When this happens they then go onto the next host and the cycle repeats. The main importance is protection and cleanliness. Proper use of protective wear and then washing of the hands and any surfaces that may have been contaminated are the primary rules for the containment of spreading parasites. References ACC, A. C. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/macconkey_agar.php Amrita, U. o. (2015, January 13). Amrita. Retrieved from http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3brch=76sim=693cnt=2 Anderson, P. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from protozoa.uga.edu/education/students/for_students_sop_web_ora CDC. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/ Diagnostics, H. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/SIMMedium.htm Hussian, M. (2015, January 12). Retrieved from http://microbiologyon-line.blogspot.com/2009_08_02_archive.html Illinois, S. U. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.siue.edu/~cbwilso/250myco1_032.htm Judelson, H. (2015, January 8). Retrieved from http://oomyceteworld.net/protocols/autoclave operation.pdf Kenneth Todar, P. (2015, January 8). Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/control.html Medicine, N. L. (2015, January 12). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808259/ Merck. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/parasitic_infections/hookworm_infection.html Morello, J., Granato, P., Morton, V. (2013). , Paul Granato, and Verna Morton. In Microbiology: Applications to Patient Care, 11th Editio (p. 111). McGraw-Hill.

Building A Computer :: essays research papers

Building a computer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Building a computer can be a useful skill in today's world. It allows you to help yourself get what you want and save some money. It's also becoming a good skill to have for work. You can help businesses build computers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing to do is to research what kind of computer you want. If you just want to write documents, you will probably need a less powerful computer. If you play games and/or design art you will want a more high-end computer. Once you have decided what kind of computer you want, you should look up prices on the Internet, ads, and local stores. A high-end will cost about $1200. You will save about $800 if you bought it from a company.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step is buying the computer parts. You will need a CPU (processor), ram, a video card, a sound card, a modem, a floppy disk drive, a cd- rom, a monitor, a motherboard, a keyboard, a mouse, and a case(outside shell). You can purchase these items from the Internet, ads, and stores. The better products normally come from stores, but if you want a more low-end computer you can buy the parts from other places. It is important that you look at the compatibility of the parts in the computer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next step is putting the computer together. First you will need to put the mother board in it's proper places. Then you should put the floppy disk drive and the cd-rom in their designated area. You should then put the other parts on their proper place on the motherboard. You will then have to connect all the cords from the motherboard to the cd-rom, disk drive, and all other cords. After that you should turn your computer on and install your cd-rom from the software you got

emily dickinson :: essays research papers

One of America's greatest poets, Emily Dickinson, wrote more than 1,700 short lyric verses, of which only 7 were published in her lifetime. Dickinson was an obsessively private writer and withdrew herself from social contact at the age of 23 and devoted herself into writing. Dickinson's personal life, writing career, personal beliefs, and personal trials are perceived throughout her poems that shape today's modern poetry. Dickinson's work has had a considerable influence on modern poetry. Today, Dickinson's work has contributed her reputation as one of the most innovative poets of the 19-century American literature. Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born in Amherst on December 10, 1830, the second child of Edward and Emily Dickinson. The Dickinsons were an important family in Amherst. Her father was an orthodox Calvinist, a lawyer and treasurer of Amherst College, and he also served in Congress. As a parent, her father was known to be short tempered and harsh. "†¦..and Father, too busy with his Briefs to notice what I do-He buys me many Books-but begs me not to read them-because he fears they joggle the Mind"(Eliot 452). However, when her father died in 1874, Emily was deeply distressed. A year later, her mother became diagnosed with paralysis and became sick for the rest of her life. Mrs. Dickinson died in November 1882. Emily attended school at Amherst Academy , studying Latin, French, history, rhetoric, botany, geology, and mental philosophy. She then attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary at South Hadley where she engaged more in the tangible study of history, chemistry, Latin, physiology, and English grammar. Her official education became deprived because of her constant illness and poor health. Her life was lived entirely in a small New England circle, in which Amherst was the center. Emily did not explore; she saw what could be seen from her window, from her garden, from next door, and sometimes from the church. She chose to live this way and this way took over and became the rest of her life.

Is China’s Investment in Africa an Example of Neo-Colonialism or Is It an Example of South-South Development

Is China’s Investment in Africa an example of Neo-Colonialism or is it an example of South-South Development? China has been significantly involved in the development of African countries in recent years, with an estimated 1 million Chinese people now residing in Africa. Trade between China and Africa was worth in excess of $100 billion in 2010, which shows how important the relationship between the two areas has become. However, there are questions surrounding whether China is merely using Africa for its own benefits rather than investing in development of the poorest continent in the world.Angola Angola is China’s largest trading partner with a trade value of $24. 8 billion in 2010. Angola is a country with vast oil reserves and is now China’s largest supplier of oil shipping one million barrels every day. This supply has caused many Chinese TNCs to setup operations in Angola. These TNCs have brought with them their own Chinese workers due to their reputation f or a high level of speed and efficiency in their work. These workers earn what would be a huge wage for Angolans (? 20 per day).They return this money back to China meaning that income is lost from Angola and also there is a reduction in employment opportunities for Angolan workers, which doesn’t help to improve the high unemployment situation. However, many Angolans think Chinese investment is a massive positive due to the new infrastructure, goods and services that will be available for the public to purchase. The Chinese are helping to reconstruct a main railway line that runs through a large part of Africa. This has allowed small business people to sell their goods all across Africa.The effect of this is an increase in consumption for the economies as trade is vigorous and this could cause an increase in economic growth if trading continues and also grows. Locals think that Chinese have done a good job on the railways as they are making more money (increase in standard of living) However, the railway is heavily linked with oil. China only provides loans and cheap finance (used to pay for railway) with Angola in return for the oil. So they’re not necessarily just developing a nation, they want to gain themselves in return.Oil is a key commodity needed for production, which is largely what China’s economy is made up of. Chinese construction companies also receive lucrative contracts, so income again is flowing back to China. So from this, we cans see that China has a neo-colonialism style relationship with Angola, but also has helped improve the standard of living for their people. Zambia Zambia has also experienced interest from China. Tourism is one of Zambia’s most important industries due to its scenery, weather and animal diversity.The Chinese tourist sector is growing massively, and will be essential for nations like Zambia in the future. However, factors of Chinese culture mean that Zambian wildlife is being threatened. Inc reasing numbers of elephants have been killed for their ivory, even though the international trade of it is illegal. But, its price on the black market has been soaring. Ivory is being made into chopsticks in China once it is exported. Also, many Zambian traders resent the Chinese competition. Zambians have lost a lot of income to Chinese sellers, and indigenous industries could be crushed by Chinese competition.Chinese sellers have also treated their workers terribly. Zambia has one of the largest supplies of copper in the world, and the Chinese Metal Ferrous Group now owns the mine. This is an example of exploitation of resources as they will export it back to China, and Zambia loses a great opportunity to generate large quantities of income. This an example of the Chinese taking as much as possible and giving little back to the local economy. This shows that China has had a completely negative impact on Zambia as a nation, and is a clear example of how neo-colonialism still can e xist.Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has experienced terrible economic problems recently. It has been hit with the second highest inflation rate ever recorded due to hyperinflation and the rapid decrease in value of their currency. It has been run for 30 years by Robert Mugabe. Western governments have imposed countless sanctions for his regime’s terrible record on human rights. However, China has supported Mugabe on the international stage and the Chinese government has opposed sanctions. Therefore, China is making life easy for Mugabe to continue to abuse human rights laws.Here again shows how China has had now positive impact on Zimbabwe, and they have decreased the standard of living for its people as Mugabe’s reign continues. The Democratic Republic of Congo The DRC has a vast reserve of copper, diamonds, cobalt and other rare metals. It is very important to China has their top import it valuable minerals with a trade value of $50. 6 billion, way above its second largest import of metal ($6. 5 billion). 90% of Katanga’s minerals go to China as miners sell their minerals to Chinese traders based in Congo.The miners say that the Chinese are effectively ‘stealing from them’ as the price they pay is so low for these valuable materials. Allegations have also been raised that local workers have been abused. China’s activity in the DRC is a typical example of neo-colonialism as they are exploiting miners and buying at such low prices it feels like they are being stolen from. Tanzania Tanzania is one of China’s oldest trading partners. One of the largest railways in the world, The Tazara Railway was built by Chinese workers in Tanzania, and is a symbol of pride for the country. China also gives Tanzania significant aid and financial support.This is one of the only examples that really shows how China are interested in developing an African nation and aren’t exploiting the country’s natural resources for their own ga in. Conclusion In conclusion, China is involved in both neo-colonialism and development in African nations. However, I think that they have a greater influence using a neo-colonialist style of interest. They have exploited many nations in Africa, so it is clear that they are trying to benefit their own nation and further increase their impressive rate of growth with cheaper resources for their thriving productive industry.

Writing Academic Papers

How do you feel about writing academic papers? If you have enjoyed writing in the past, what did you like about the process of writing? If you have not enjoyed it, why not? Did you have any of the misconceptions about writing discussed in Chapter 1 of the text? What did you learn in the chapter that you think might be helpful to you in writing papers here at Ashford University? I do not like writing academic papers. It is very time consuming and some require doing a lot of research on the topic.I don’t like write papers because the subject is not of interest to me sometimes. I also find it a little difficult to do a thesis statement. In reading Chapter 1, â€Å"many writing experts suggest keeping a personal journal or a diary to help you understand what you have read and to sharpen your writing skills† (Sole, 2010). I’m going to start journaling at least twice a week to help improve my writing skills. Sole, K. (2010). Essentials for College Writing. San Diego, B ridgepoint Education, Inc. ttps://content. ashford. edu After studying the active reading strategies in Chapter 2 of the text, read Chapters 1 and 2 and your Instructor’s Guidance for Week One again, applying the SQ3R strategy as you reread the materials. Discuss how this reading strategy is similar or different from the way you read the material previously. Do you think this strategy improved your comprehension of the course materials? Discuss whether the strategy will or will not be helpful to you in your college courses?SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review. â€Å"Survey means to skim headings, subheadings, chapter summary, charts, and tables in text; Question the headings and subheadings into questions; Read to find the answers to your questions and record the answers by highlighting, underlining, or taking notes; Recite and summarize what you learned by telling someone else or writing it down; and Review by going back and reading your notes or infor mation that you highlighted or underlined to einforce learning and to commit the information to memory† (Sole, 2010). After reading Chapters 1, 2, and the Instructor’s Guidance for the second time and applying the SQ3R process, I can say that I follow this guideline as I’m doing school work. I think it is a good and helpful strategy to follow and will improve how you comprehend whatever you’ve read. Sole, K. (2010). Essentials for College Writing. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content. ashford. edu

About ways to reduce the impact of a particular lifestyle behavior Research Paper

About ways to reduce the impact of a particular lifestyle behavior - Research Paper Example The â€Å"Inconvenient Truth† that Al Gore presented establishes a significant response from the public, even in some government institutions around the world. The report of Gore presented a remarkable issue that tries to link the significant contribution of mankind to the destruction of the environment. Gore presented the point that the contribution of the human activities to the pollution in the environment is staggering as a result of economic activities and other personal activities prior to the preservation of life and establishing the advancing economy. In the case of cars on the road, many business establishments cannot simply move in their economic activities or business activities if they will not use cars, as a basic requirement in the advancing level of industrialization in the 20th Century. This leads fossil fuels to become the highlight or issue in the prevailing environmental pollution. However, the point that fuel or oil to be considered as the lifeblood of the economy in the 20th Century cannot just be simply eradicated. Every individual or business establishment might have a substantial requirement for fuel. If it is not for personal gain, it must be for the achievement of certain economic objectives. Unfortunately, this has become the remarkable trend around the world today. Every day there are various vehicles on the road that are on the go in contributing to a certain level of greenhouse gases emission. Eradicating them might not be the ultimate feasible solution as for now, but trying to minimize those running on the road will be a significant contribution to the reduction of harmful gases emission like carbon dioxide. For this reason, taking the carpool or subway is viewed to be a significant contribution in alleviating the degree of air pollution in the environment. Studies found that cars, especially around 10 percent of the older ones alone are significantly contributing around 50 percent of air

Environmental safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmental safety - Assignment Example The purpose of both these entities is to measure the harmful impact of such mishaps resulting from accidents causing loss of property, blocking supply of essential services and causing interruption in the routine working. The UK government offers suggestions to business organisations for risk verification and assessment so that any impending accident may not come in the functioning and performance of such business by initiating emergency planning and business continuity management processes through the National Risk Register for reducing the impact of such loss (Cabinet Office 2010). The Scottish Parliament has passed an Act in 2007, named the Right of Relatives to Damages (Mesothelioma) (Scotland) Act 2007, reserving the right to damages in case the affliction is caused by Mesothelioma as per the amendment of Section 1 of the Damages (Scotland) Act 1976 including subsection (2) and (3). The subsection (2) inserts an except to the ruling that damages need not be paid to the relative if the deceased has relieved the accused from the responsibility of paying damages to the relative before the death of the diseased. The subsection (2b) becomes applicable if the injury or death is caused due to Mesothelioma. The damage payment is conditioned to occurring the liability and death on, before or after the date with the coming into force under Section 1 of the Right of Relatives to Damages (Mesothelioma) (Scotland) Act 2007 (Legislation 2007). The above figure indicates that deaths due to the asbestos-related cancer mesothelioma are rising on a yearly basis. In the year 2008, out of 2249 mesothelioma deaths, 1865 were men and as per the rate of yearly increase, it is forecasted to cross the figure of 2000 by the year 2016 (HSE 2010). Considering the data pertaining to Scotland regarding ill-health, injuries and enforcement in the previous 12 months, self-reported ill-health reporting rate was 3700 out of 100 000 for 2009-10. The reportable injury rate was 880 workers in 2008-09 while fatal injuries in 2009-10 numbered 23. On the other hand, major injuries to workers counted 2548 in 2009-10. Considering the offences prosecuted in Scotland by HSE in 2009-10, they were 93 in number while local authorities carried prosecution on 7 reports (HSE 2010, 14). Further, if we consider rate of self-reported work-related illness and reportable non-fatal injury in manufacturing and other sectors, data is not sufficient to depend upon regarding ill-health and injury for the latest period but for illness it is below 2000 per 100 000 on an average while injury reporting has been below 1000, as per the Labour Force Survey (HSE 2010, 17). Although workplace fatalities are reducing but such accidents are happening in â€Å"low risk† industries such as retail, hospitality and financial companies to the extent that they have become a challenge for the employers; they have to face government questioning. Media also follows such accidents arduously. The near and d ear ones of the affected employee feel the loss the most. An employer has to face all these ordeals erupting from the catastrophe. Therefore, it is the foremost responsibility of the employer to get ready to know beforehand the emerging workplace tragedies before they happen. No employer can totally succeed in controlling such mishaps but must be ready with an emergency plan at the shortest notice (Foulke 2009). Whenever such a fatal accident at a workplace occurs, first priority is to deal with the emergency situation by arranging

GENDER DIFFERENCES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GENDER DIFFERENCES - Essay Example Nature vs. Nurture has been seen as one of the reasons why the actions of boys and girls are so conflicting and different from each other. According to Alan Dix, there is not a very significant difference between the average general IQ scores of men and women. However; when it comes to spatial and linguistic skills, the differences do exist. As research suggests, females have greater linguistic skills while their male counter parts are better when it comes to visual-spatial skills. (Dix 2002) Both, genetics and environment, play an important role in the formation of personalities but it gets extremely difficult to analyze and differentiate between them. One cannot determine the effects between inborn genetic talents and family influenced development. According to Woo Moo Hurh, it is almost impossible for human beings to survive and exist without nature as well as nurture. He also raises a question about whether men and women act differently because of biological differences or because of culturally specified gender-roles that have been assigned to them. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) There were higher rates of bipolar disorder and neurosis amongst women whereas the rates of personality or character disorder were higher amongst men, regardless of time or place. This means that men are more likely to behave anti-socially and get into drug and alcohol addiction and while women are more prone to suffer from neurosis and manic depression. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) Is it very evident that boys and girls function differently and this can be considered as one of the main reasons why scientists have been researching for years to find out why these differences exist? A study shows that boys and girls use different strategies to explain and solve mathematical problems. This difference in strategic thinking can be seen in children when they are only in first grade. People might argue that this difference exists because of genetics but in reality, it is more than